Brick veneer construction



'May 16, 193.3.. E H, MEER 1,909,625

BRICK VENEEH CONSTRUCTION 'Filed Dec. 21, 1931 Patented May 16, 1933UNETED ySTATES FREDERICKH. MEIER, OIF SHEFFIELD, ILLINOIS f BRICK VENEERCONSTRUCTION Application filed December 21, 1931.

My invention relates to a method and structure for veneering buildingswithbrick.

More particularly, it is my purpose to pro- I, vide a veneerconstruction employing bricks D suitably shaped for being fastened to awall or the like by appropriate anchoring mea-ns and preferably shapedto cover and conceal the anchoring means.

Another purpose is to provide for such a structure bricks so shaped asto make it possible to support them one upon the other and to provideconcealed between them means for forming a plastic bond and joint.

It is another object of my invention to provide a structure of the kindunder considerat-ion with which anchoring means may be fastened to thewall and thereafter the brick may be placed in position to be held bythe anchoring means.

2 Another purpose is to provide anchoring means and brick havingl partsso constructed and adapted to so cooperate as to secure the brick to thewall tightly held against the wall.

Another purpose is to provide such structure that each brick coacts withthe anchoring means and with other brick for holding both brick close tothe wall. Y

Still another purpose is to provide such al structure that the brick maybe provided with mortarin the ordinary way and the necessity for tuckpointing may be entirely eliminated. With these and other objects inview, my invention consist-s in the construction, arrangement andcombination of the various parts of my structure, whereby the objectscontemplated are attained, as hereinafter more fully set forth, point-edout in my claim, and illustrated in the accompanying drawing, in which:

Figure 1 is a front elevation of a portion of a veneered wall structureembodying my invention. Y

Figure 2 isa perspective view partly in r section illustrating a portionof a wall at a corner veneered in accordance with my invention.

Figure 3 is a detail, sectional view taken on the line 3-3 of Figure 1.

Figure 4 is a front elevation of a portion Serial No. 582,235.

of a veneered wall construction embodying the preferred form of myinvention.

Figure 5 is a perspective view, partly in section, illustrating aportion of a wall at a corner veneered in accordance with the form of myinvention shown in Figure 4; and

Figure 6 is a detail, sectional view taken on the line 6 6 of Figure 4.

I will first describe my improved structure and the manner of installingthe parts and will then refer to some of the advantages of such astructure.

I provide abrick of clay, vcement or any proper material, having a shapepeculiarly adapted for the purpose of concealing the joint at theanchorage and also giving the relative space of the thickness and depthof the joint required.

I shall first describethe form of the structure illustrated in Figures1, 2 and 3, because 70 this application is in part a continuation of myprevious application, Serial No. 544,529, filed June 15, 1981, and thestructure shown in Figures 1, 2 and 3 is that disclosed in my priorapplication.

As shown in Figures 1 to 3 inclusive, each brick indicated by thereference numeral 10 has in one face at what is its upper edge wheninstalled on a wall a rabbet 11 leaving what 80 I will call an inner lip12. `Likewise each brick has in its inner face at what is its lower edgewhen installed a rabbet 13.

Contemplating thek brick in its position shown in the drawing, which isits position when assembled on a vertical wall, it will be noted thateach brick has in its lower edge a vertical slot 14 extending lengthwiseof the brick. On one side of this slot is what may be called an innertongue 15 and on the other 90 side is what may be called an outer tongue16.

It should be noted that the lip 12 is beveled and the tongue 15 iscorrespondingly beveled from their outer parts inwardly and downwardlyas shown in Figure 2. 95

In the practical installation of these brick on a wall, I use suitableanchoring devices, the exact construction and nature of which may varydepending upon the kind of a wall that is being veneered. The anchoringdevice,

however, should preferably have a head which can project into the slot14.

For purposes of illustration, l have shown anchoring devices comprisingnails 17 with the large flat heads 18.

Urdinarily in laying the lower course of brick, the nails, for instance,two in number, are 'driven into thewall 19 so that the heads project theproper distance and then a plastic compound, which will afford anexpansion joint, preferably some bituminous product, is spread alongthebeveled face of the tongue 15 and into the slot 14 and preferablyon theinner face of the tongue 16, and on one end of the brick.

The brick is then placed in position with the upper part of the head 18projecting into the slot 14.

Nails are then driven inte the wall above the lips 12 as shown forinstance in Figure 3 with the lower parts of their heads resting againstthe outer face of the lip 12. These nails are preferably driven at anangle to correspond to the bevels mentioned.

T he workman then spreads the plastic material mentioned along thebeveled face and outer face of the lip 12. rlhis plastic joint materialmay be used in any colors desired to give the color that is wanted atthe joint.

rthis process is repeated for the additional bricks until the veneeredwall is completed.

ln making the brick the outer tongue 16 should be of a suitablethickness to give the desired 'depth of joint required. ylhe innertongue 15 should tern'iinate short of the outer tongue 16 as illustratedin Figure 3, so that when the bricks are successively laid, the tongues16 will conceal the heads of the anchoring devices and the joint betweenth tongue 13 and the lip 12.

There should also be taken into consideration the necessity for room'for spreading the joint of plastic material for forming a trueexpansion joint. The length of the lip 12 and the depth of the rabbet 13obviously determine the width of the joint between the tongue 16 and thenext lower brick.

`While l prefer the form of brick by which the anchoring means will beentirely concealed by the bricks, l desire to cover by my claim anystructure in which the anchoring device serves to fasten the veneerbrick to the wall whether the anchoring device be so concealed or not.

The thickness of the lip 12 and tongue 15 will be governed by the'thickness of the brick desired and the strength of the structure towhich the veneer is applied.

The bevel of the lip 12 and tongue 15 tends to crowd the brick to thesurface to be veneered during the installation.

@n account of the fact that the upper brick overhangs the lower brickand the tongue 15 is beveled, it will be obvious that the upper bricktends to travel down the anchoring member (in this case the nail 17).The upper brick tends to slide toward the wall and also to hold theupper part of the lower brick snugly against the wall.

ln Figures 4, 5 and 6, 1 have shown the third form in which my inventionmay be embodied. A

ln this form of the invention, there is provided in connection with thewall 19 suitable veneer brick supports indicated generally at A.. Thesesupports A proj ect upwardly and outwardly from the wall. rlhey may bemade in different forms.

As here shown, they are preferably made of resilient galvanized sheetmetal, and comprise vertical flat port-ions 25, which are secured to thewall by means of nails 26 and have at their upper edges the upwardly andoutwardly inclined portions 27. y

These supports A may be nailed to the wall by the carpenter. Suitableforms or gauges may be provided, so that these supports may be properlyaligned and spaced.

The veneer brick are then put in place by the brick layer. 1

rEhe preferred form of my veneer brick is indicated generally at B.rlhese are thin brick, such as those already described. Each one has atits lower edge spaced from its outer face a lengthwise groovesubstantially V-shaped in cross section indicated at 28.

rihe outer face of the groove is preferably vertical and the inner faceis inclined from the upper part thereof downwardly and inwardly as shownbest in Figure 6.

The portion of the brick adjacent the inner face is extended down belowthe level of the lower edge adjacent the vertical wall of the groove toform a projecting tongue 29, which is V-shaped in cross section asshown.

At the upper` edge of each brick, there is formed adjacent the outerface thereof a rabbet 30 adjacent which is the upwardly projectingtongue 31, having an outer vertical face and an inner face inclined fromits upper edge downwardly and inwardly as shown.

In laying the brick, the lower course is preferably placed on a suitableshoulder or support and is also placed with the tongue 29 between theportion 27 of one of the supports A and the wall. rlhe tongue 29 thusprojects upwardly into the groove 28.

The supports A are so spaced that the inclined face of the tongue 31rests close to the portion 27 of a support A at the upper edge of thebrick.

rlhe brick layer can mortar his bricks in the same way as is usuallydone and there is no need for any tuck pointing. The next course ofbricks is staggered with relation to the lower course and is laid asshown for instance in Figure 6.

The brick of the upper course has its tongue 29 received between amember 27 of a support A 'and a wall. rlhe member 27 and the tongue 31of the lower brick then project into the groove 28 of the upper brick,so that the inclination of the support member 27 tends to cause thebricks to slide in toward the wall and to lock the bricks togetheradjacent the wall by reason of the fact that the upper brick overlapsthe tongue 31 of the lower brick.

The brick layer has nothing to do but to mortar his bricks for makinghis joints and lay the brick in place. After the placing of the supportsA, the brick layer can then do his work without the necessity for usingthe line plumb bob or rule. This, of course, greatly facilitates thespeed with which the brick layer can work.

Corners can be laid in the way already explained.

I have thus provided a structure primarily intended for outsideconstruction by which the brick veneer can be placed quickly, accuratelyand economically.

In the form of the device shown in Figures 5, 6 and 7 as well as in theform shown in Figures 1, 2 and 3, the supports, Whether in the form ofnails or of the device A are entirely covered by the bricks and are notsubjected to the weather eXcept to the most minor extent.

The wall is entirely covered by the bricks, so that there are no mortarjoints extending in to the wall.

The use of the somewhat resilient supports A makes it possible to allowfor slight variations which are found to occur in laying wall whether inthe exact locations of the supports or in the sizes of the brick.

It will, of course be understood that plastic material may be used witheither form of brick, and that I have thus provided a truly plasticexpansion joint.

My brick are thus securely fastened to the surface to be veneered and atthe same time such an expansion joint is provided between brick as willallow for expansion and contraction without any danger of loosening thebrick or breaking oints.

It is obvious that I may point up the brick with mortar in the ordinaryway or leave what is termed a raked joint.

It will be seen that the structure thus provided can be made entirelywaterproof.

The brick veneer provides a useful added heat insulation to the wall onwhich it is applied. n

It will be seen that I can produce the appearance of an ordinary brick-wall in a Veneered structure which is extremely economical because ofthe savings in material for making the brick and the saving in theamount of bonding material used because of the thinness of the veneer.There is also a saving in the amount of labor for laying up the brickand a substantial saving in expense of storage, cartage, freight andother handling.

I claim as my invention:

A method of applying brick veneer to the face of a wall, comprisingfirst fastening to the wall vertically spaced rows of supports havingresilient members inclined upwardly away from the wall, then springingon each row of supports veneer brick with lower parts received betweensaid members and the wall and parts down hung from the members on theside away from the wall, and having upper parts wedged between the nextupper member and down-hung part.

Des Moines, Iowa, November 2S, 1931.

FREDERICK H. ME-IER.

